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The quality of meat from the processing plant or as found on the market will have an influence on its processing properties and eating qualities. The processing properties and eating qualities will also influence consumers’ acceptability and profits to be realized by producers, processors and retailers. A number of factors including the genetics of the animal, production practices, age of the animal at slaughter and how live animals are handle prior to and during slaughter contribute signific...

Pork bellies harvested from 12 large which hogs slaughtered at the Kumasi Abattoir Company Limited were transported on ice to the Meat Processing Laboratory of the Department of Animal Science KNUST. The left bellies were cured with nitrite salt while the right halves were cured using common salt plus Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract to produce bacons labeled as NB and OB respectively. Acidity (pH) of cure solution before and after curing, color and smoking yields of bacon were determined. Sen...

We report for the first time on the prevalence, antibiotic resistance and RAPD types of Campylobacter species in ducks and duck related environmental samples in Malaysia. Samples were examined by enrichment in Bolton Broth followed by plating onto modified Charcoal Cefoperazone Deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) and/or plating directly onto mCCDA. A total of 643 samples were screened, and the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in samples from different sources ranged from 0% to 85%. The method of isolat...

Fifty five (n=55) isolates of Escherichia coli isolated from ducks in Penang, Malaysia were examined for their susceptibility to eleven different antibiotics and assayed for the presence of plasmid DNAs. All the 55 Escherichia coli isolates were resistant (100%) to vancomycin. Higher resistance (≥ 60) occurred for tetracycline 51 (92.7%), ampicillin 40 (72.7%), streptomycin 37 (67.3%), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethophrim 37 (67.3%). No and low resistance was observed for nitrofurantoin (0%) an...

A total of 107 Salmonella isolates (37 S. typhimurium, 26 S. hadar, 15 S. enteritidis, 15 S. braenderup, and 14 S. albany) isolated from ducks and their environments in Penang, Malaysia were typed using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) to determine their genetic diversity. Analysis of the Salmonella strains by ERIC produced DNA fingerprints of different sizes for differentiation purposes. The DNA fingerprints or band sizes ranged from 14-8300bp for S. Typhimurium, 146- 6...

Salmonella are important foodborne pathogens of worldwide concern. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of 107 Salmonella strains isolated from ducks, their rearing and processing environments in Penang, Malaysia using repetitive extragenic palindromic-polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR). REP-PCR of the Salmonella strains produced DNA bands of different sizes for differentiation purposes. The DNA band sizes ranged from 105-7692 bp for S. Typhimurium, 116-7033 bp ...

The microbial quality of beef, table and apron in five meat retail shops in the Yendi Municipality of Ghana was investigated in order to ascertain their safety. The shops were selected from Central market A (external), Central market A (internal), Central market B, Central mosque and Taxi rank. A total of 45 samples were collected, 9 from each meat shop (retailer). The samples were stored under 4oC for transportation to the laboratory. Microbiological analysis was carried out immediately upon...

This study was carried out to determine the effect of ‘prekese’ (Tetrapleura tetraptera) pod extract (PPE) on the sensory characteristics and nutritional qualities of smoked pork sausages. Four kilograms of minced pork was used. The pork was divided into four equal parts (1kg per treatment). Each product contains the following: (T1) control (without PPE), (T2) 10 ml of full pod PPE/1kg of pork, (T3) 10 ml of chopped pod PPE/1kg of pork, and (T4) 10 ml of ground pod PPE/1kg of pork. Sensory an...

Agriculture in rainfed dry areas is often challenged by inadequate water and nutrient supplies. Responses to these challenges include adequate fertilization, but it is unknown whether different nitrogen (N) rates from that commonly used in the Loess Plateau can alleviate this issue. Field experiments were conducted over three cropping seasons to investigate the effect of different N fertilization levels on soil water dynamics, photosynthetic activity, and grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.) g...

Sun-dried rumen digesta (SDRD) was used as replacement of soybean meal and evaluated its effect on in vitro digestible organic matter, microbial count, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, growth and carcass characteristics of Djallonke sheep. Four SDRD-based concentrate supplements (0, 4, 8 and 12% SDRD) were incubated in a buffered rumen fluid for 24 h and 72 h to estimate the organic matter digestibility and degradation characteristics. Sixteen Djallonke rams (12.4±2.4 kg, 10 to 12mont...

Aim: To determine the microbial quality of culled chicken layers in Penang, Malaysia. Materials and Methods: Samples were obtained from three layer farms (designated as Farm A, Farm B and Farm C). Atotal of 67 culled chicken layer samples consisting of egg wash water, chicken carcass rinse, drinking water, cloaca swab, feed and faeces were examined for enterobacteriaceae, total and faecal coliforms, and using the procedures in the bacteriological analytical manual. Results: The total plate co...

Gardenia erubscens fruits have been identified as a valuable source of nutrients and antioxidants, which are beneficial for human health. To preserve the nutritional properties of fruits after drying, appropriate packaging material should be considered. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of different packaging materials namely high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, single-layer polyethylene, double-layer polyethylene and laminated paper bags on moisture conte...

Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram positive and ubiquitous organism that has been implicated in a number of foodborne outbreaks. In this study, 15 Listeria monocytogenes isolated from duck farms and a wet market were typed using random amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid (RAPD) to track the source of contamination. Two arbitrary RAPD primers were used in the polymerase chain reaction to determine the genetic relatedness among the Listeria monocytogenes isolated from duck farms and a wet...

Objectives: To determine cured characteristics, physicochemical properties as well as sensory profiles of frankfurters produced with either nitrite salt or common salt with or without Ocimum gratissimum extract leaf extracts. Materials and methods: Five treatments were formulated to produce 5 kg each of frankfurters from pork and beef with and without nitrite salt, Ocimum gratissimum leaf extract or common salt. Proximate composition, cooking loss, water holding capacity (WHC), cooking yield...

There are increasing incidences of obesity, cardiovascular and other dietary related diseases as a result of the crave for ready-to-eat and processed foods. These foods lack adequate dietary fiber which contributes to these diseases. This study investigated the effects of “niri” chaffs (raw and roasted) as an extender on the nutritional, physiochemical, sensory and economics of beef sausages. All treatments were randomly assigned to minced beef by a completely randomized design. Raw and roa...

This study sheds light on visitors’ preferences in Old Oyo National Park (Nigeria) and how these preferences contributed to their travel experience. A total of 120 visitors were reached via convenience sampling employing questionnaire administration. Their preferences were measured with the aid of a Likert scale and choice cards. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and conditional logit specification for inferential statistics. The results revealed that entrance fees, av...

The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from ducks and their environmental samples. From August 2009 to October 2010, a total of 531 samples from ducks and their environments were obtained from wet market and commercial duck farms in Penang, Malaysia. Using the conventional bacteriological method and confirmation by phenotypic test strips, 15 samples (2.8%) were positive for L. monocytogenes....

Fringe communities in protected areas (national parks) are thought to benefit immensely from ecotourism development emanating from such facilities. This study sought to assess the perceived benefits of ecotourism development in nearby communities to two West African national parks namely: Kainji Lake National Park (KLNP) in Nigeria and Mole National Park (MNP) in Ghana. Stratified random sampling was used in selecting 10 households each in both countries. A total of 582 respondents were conta...