FAMILY ROLE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE CHILD WITH AUTISM: A SOCIO-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE IN THE ACCRA METROPOLIS

Abstract

The study examines the family's role in the management of children with autism in the Ghanaian socio-cultural context. Socio-cultural beliefs about the causes of autism mainly influence family role in managing autistic conditions. In undertaking this study, the researcher found it prudent to adopt a mixed method approach that allowed the use of both qualitative and quantitative approaches in data collection and analysis. The methodological instruments used included questionnaires, interviews and observations to collect data from participants. Simple Random Sampling, Purposive and Snowball Sampling were used in gathering data. One hundred and thirty-nine (139) people responded to the questionnaire. Thirteen (13) mothers, five (5) fathers, seven (7) siblings and four (4) careers also participated in the study. Findings from the study point out that people in the Accra Metropolis still hold on to traditional socio-cultural beliefs about disability, which in this case is autism. These beliefs have led to stigmatization of children with autism and their family members. The findings show low level knowledge and awareness of autism as a developmental disability and a medical condition amongst people in the Accra Metropolis. Family members hurdled with the challenges of nurturing an autistic child had found ways of coping with them. The family coping strategies include the problem facing and emotional focused strategies; and support from social groups. Family members perceived their children with autism as children who need help daily. The main conclusion of this study was that socio-cultural beliefs influenced family members (parents) only psychologically. Families are determined to help manage their children with autism so they become the best that they can be. It is recommended, among others, that public education about autism among the populace be extensively carried out, so that there is a better knowledge and understanding of the autistic condition.