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A SCOPING REVIEW OF NUTRITION EDUCATION INTERVENTIONS TO IMPROVE COMPETENCIES, LIFESTYLE AND DIETARY HABITS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS AND RESIDENTS

2026-04-23T10:58:02Z

Title: A SCOPING REVIEW OF NUTRITION EDUCATION INTERVENTIONS TO IMPROVE COMPETENCIES, LIFESTYLE AND DIETARY HABITS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS AND RESIDENTS Authors: Mogre, V.; Gaa, P.; Amoore, B. Y. Abstract: We reviewed the available research and gave an overview of the effects of nutrition education interventions (NEIs) on medical students’ and residents’ knowledge of nutrition, attitudes towards nutrition care, self-efficacy, dietary practices and readiness to offer nutrition care. From 28 May through 29 June 2021, we searched Google Scholar, PubMed, ProQuest, Cochrane and ProQuest to retrieve 1807 articles. After conducting de-duplication and apply ing the eligibility criteria and reviewing the title and abstract, 23 papers were included. The data were descriptively and narratively synthesised, and the results were displayed as frequencies, tables and figures. Twenty-one interventions were designed to increase participants’ knowledge of nutrition-related topics, and eighteen studies found that nutrition knowledge had significantly improved post-intervention. Only four of the eleven studies that reported on attitudes about nutrition post-intervention showed a meaningful improvement. The self-efficacy of participants was examined in more than half of the included studies (n 13, 56⋅5 %), and eleven of these studies found a significant increase in the participants’ level of self-efficacy to offer nutrition care post-inter vention. At the post-intervention point, seven interventions found that dietary and lifestyle habits had significantly improved. The review demonstrated the potential of NEIs to enhance participants’ dietary habits and nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy. Reduced nutrition knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy scores during the follow-up, point to the need for more opportunities for medical students and residents to learn about nutrition after the intervention.

CO-OCCURRENCE OF G6PD DEFICIENCY AND SCT AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN EXPOSED TO INFECTIOUS DISEASES

2026-04-22T14:49:11Z

Title: CO-OCCURRENCE OF G6PD DEFICIENCY AND SCT AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN EXPOSED TO INFECTIOUS DISEASES Authors: Helegbe, G. K.; Wemakor, A.; Ameade, E. P. K.; Anabire, N. G.; Anaba, F.; Bautista, J. M.; Zorn, B. G. Abstract: During pregnancy, women have an increased relative risk of exposure to infectious diseases. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of the co-occurrence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) and sickle cell trait (SCT) and the impact on anemia outcomes among pregnant women exposed to frequent infectious diseases. Over a six-year period (March 2013 Citation: Helegbe, G.K.; Wemakor, A.; Ameade, E.P.K.; Anabire, N.G.; Anaba, F.; Bautista, J.M.; Zorn, B.G. Co-Occurrence of G6PD Deficiency and SCTamongPregnant Women Exposed to Infectious Diseases. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 5085. https:// doi.org/10.3390/jcm12155085 Academic Editors: Michal Kovo and KumiOshima Received: 8 March 2023 Revised: 20 April 2023 Accepted: 11 May 2023 Published: 2 August 2023 Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). to October 2019), 8473 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (ANCs) at major referral hospitals in Northern Ghana were recruited and diagnosed for common infectious diseases (malaria, syphilis, hepatitis B, and HIV), G6PDd, and SCT. The prevalence of all the infections and anemia did not differ between women with and without G6PDd (χ2 < 3.6, p > 0.05 for all comparisons). Regression analysis revealed a significantly higher proportion of SCT in pregnant women with G6PDd than those without G6PDd (AOR = 1.58; p < 0.011). The interaction between malaria and SCT was observed to be associated with anemia outcomes among the G6PDd women (F-statistic = 10.9, p < 0.001). Our findings show that anemia is a common condition among G6PDd women attending ANCs in northern Ghana, and its outcome is impacted by malaria and SCT. This warrants further studies to understand the impact of antimalarial treatment and the blood transfusion outcomes in G6PDd/SCT pregnant women.

DRIVERS OF HOUSEHOLD ANTIBIOTIC USE IN URBAN INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS IN NORTHERN GHANA: IMPLICATIONS FOR ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE CONTROL

2026-03-19T11:17:12Z

Title: DRIVERS OF HOUSEHOLD ANTIBIOTIC USE IN URBAN INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS IN NORTHERN GHANA: IMPLICATIONS FOR ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE CONTROL Authors: Vicar, E. K.; Walana, W.; Mbabila, A.; Darko, G. K.; Opare‐Asamoah, K.; Majeed, S. F.; Obeng‐Bempong, M. Abstract: Background: Urban informal settlements have been described as the epicenters of frequent antibiotic misuse, which has local and global consequences on the goals of antimicrobial stewardship. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between knowledge, attitude, and practices of antibiotic use among households in urban informal settlements in the Tamale metropolis of Ghana. Method: This study was a prospective cross‐sectional survey of the two major informal settlements in theTamale metropolis, namely Dungu‐Asawaba and Moshie Zongo. In all, 660 households were randomly selected for this study. Households with an adult and at least a child under 5 years old were randomly chosen. An adult with knowledge of household healthcare practices was selected to respond to a structured questionnaire. Results: In all, 291 (44.1%) of the 660 households reported taking at least one type of antibiotic within the last month before the study and 30.9% (204/660) had used antibiotics without a prescription. Information on which antibiotics to use was obtained mostly from friends/family members 50 (24.5%) and were commonly purchased from a medical store or a pharmacy 84 (41.2%), saved up from a previously used antibiotic 46 (22.5%), a friend/family members 38 (18.6%), and drug hawkers 30 (14.7%). Amoxicillin 95 (26.0%) was the most frequently used antibiotic and the commonest indication for antibiotics use was diarrhea 136 (37.9%). Female respondents (odds ratio [OR]=3.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.199–4.301; p<0.0001), larger households (OR=2.02; 95% CI=1.337–3.117; p=0.0011) and those with higher monthly household income (OR=3.39; 95% CI=1.945–5.816; p<0.0001) were more likely to have good knowledge of appropriate antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, bad attitudes influenced participants' use of antibiotics without prescription (OR =2.41; 95% CI=0.432–4.05; p=0.0009).

UTEROVESICAL FISTULA AND ITS TREATMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

2025-07-10T11:40:48Z

Title: UTEROVESICAL FISTULA AND ITS TREATMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Authors: Brtnický, T.; Simono Charadan, A. M.; Koliba, P.; Malecová, M.; Dubová, O.; Hubka, P.; Zikán, M. Abstract: Summary: Aim: Aim of the study to summarize the current information on diagnostic and treatment options for uterovesical fistula as a consequence of iatrogenic complication. Methods: Literature review of available information on surgical treatment options for uterovesical fistula resulting from previous caesarean section and comparison with our own experience in the developing world. Conclusion: Uterovesical fistula is an abnormal communication between the bladder and uterus. The cause of this pathology in most cases is an iatrogenic complication, most commonly arising after a caesarean section. The incidence of this pathology varies significantly geographically. In developed countries, these fistulas are rather rare. On the other hand, in developing countries, uterovesical fistulas are more common with a significant impact on the subsequent life of the patient due to generally inaccessible health care